What phenomenon occurs to a gas cloud as it approaches a black hole?

As a gas cloud approaches a black hole, it experiences intense gravitational forces that cause it to spiral inward. This spiraling motion often leads to significant heating of the gas due to friction and the acceleration of particles as they collide with one another. The extreme gravitational pull of the black hole causes the gas to lose angular momentum, drawing it closer to the event horizon, and as it does so, it can generate X-rays and other high-energy emissions due to the high temperatures reached. This dynamic process highlights the significant effects of gravitational forces acting on objects near a black hole and is a critical aspect of understanding the behavior of matter in such extreme environments.